The author presents a glossary for Wanda Melcer-Rutkowska’s biography, which draws on her social and literary activity in the context of cultural trans-formations at the beginning of the 20th century. Moreover, the author ...

The article attempts to identify the connection between the Protestant Refor-mation and bureaucratization of life in German city-States. According to the author, the development of school education served as a direct impetus ...

The image of the bureaucrat appeared in early works of M. Gorky when he col-laborated with newspapers, such as «Nizhegorodsky Listok» and «Samarskaya newspaper» (1894-1896). As a citizen and as a writer he, undoubtedly, ...

For a long time André Gide had been considered as one of the loyal "friends of the U.S.S.R.". However, after his trip to the Soviet Union in 1936, he published essays in which he expressed his strong disappointment. In ...